The city of León is known not only for its Gothic Cathedral, the Camino de Santiago, or its rich gastronomy, but also for holding a historic, globally significant title: the cradle of parliamentarism. This recognition isn’t a mere tourist slogan; it’s a documented fact that UNESCO endorsed in 2013, identifying León as the place where the modern parliamentary system was born.
The Origin: The 1188 Cortes
In 1188, during the reign of Alfonso IX, the Cortes of the Kingdom of León were convened in the Basilica of San Isidoro. That assembly marked a milestone in political history: for the first time, alongside the nobility and clergy, representatives of the common people—chosen by the towns of the kingdom—took part.
This made León the first place in the world where the voice of citizens was recognised in decision-making, laying the foundations of what we understand today as a democratic parliament.
Those Cortes debated essential matters such as the protection of citizens’ property and rights, the limitation of royal power, and respect for the law. For this reason, UNESCO inscribed these records in the Memory of the World register, recognising León as the cradle of parliamentarism.
The Mariano Rajoy Anecdote and the “English Error”
In 2012, Spain’s then prime minister, Mariano Rajoy, made a slip during a speech in Oxford, stating that England was the cradle of parliamentarism. His words caused a stir, especially in León, where this title is a point of pride.
Shortly afterwards, Rajoy publicly corrected himself, acknowledging that the true origin lay in León, at the 1188 Cortes. Although anecdotal, the episode helped raise the profile of this historic fact and put León on the international media map.
A Living Heritage
Today, the Basilica of San Isidoro is not only a place of worship and Romanesque art, but also a political and historical symbol. Walking through its cloister or visiting its Royal Pantheon is to step onto the stage where the seeds of modern democracy were sown.
The city has also committed to sharing this legacy: international conferences, commemorative plaques and themed tours remind visitors and locals alike that this is where it all began.
León: Much More Than History
Learning about this episode is only part of the experience. Those who come to León to explore its role in the birth of parliamentarism also discover a vibrant city with a lively old town, tapas bars in the Barrio Húmedo, and its hallmark hospitality.
At León Apartamentos, we offer the perfect starting point to explore this unique history: centrally located, comfortable accommodation with everything you need to make your visit to León—whether for cultural tourism, gastronomy or the Camino de Santiago—unforgettable.
